Encaustic painting is a technique that uses hot beeswax combined with colored pigment to bind color into stone. The notion to combine a form of wax with pigment goes back thousands of years. The meaning later changed to simply "pencil" which it still means in modern French. The French word crayon, originally meaning "chalk pencil", dates to around the 16th century, and is derived from the word craie (chalk) which comes from the Latin word creta (Earth). The history of the crayon is not entirely clear. History A wide variety of crayon boxes have been produced over the years A patent for the washable solid marking composition utilized in the washable crayons was awarded to Snedeker in 1990. Ĭolin Snedeker, a chemist for Binney & Smith (the then-parent company of Crayola), developed the first washable crayons in response to consumer complaints regarding stained fabrics and walls. Paraffin waxes are used for cosmetics, candles, for the preparation of printing ink, fruit preserving, in the pharmaceutical industry, for lubricating purposes, and crayons. Paraffin wax is heated and cooled to achieve the correct temperature at which a usable wax substance can be dyed and then manufactured and shipped for use around the world. Such crayons are usually approximately 3.5 inches (89 mm) in length and made mostly of paraffin wax. In the modern English-speaking world, the term crayon is commonly associated with the standard wax crayon, such as those widely available for use by children.
#Grease crayon professional
These characteristics make them particularly good instruments for teaching small children to draw in addition to being used widely by student and professional artists. They are less messy than most paints and markers, blunt (removing the risk of sharp points present when using a pencil or pen), typically non-toxic, and available in a wide variety of colors. Wax crayons differ from pastels, in which the pigment is mixed with a dry binder such as gum arabic, and from oil pastels, where the binder is a mixture of wax and oil.Ĭrayons are available in a range of prices, and are easy to work with. Various options for consolidationĪnd retouching were considered and tested, and a suitable approach was found with satisfactory result.For other uses, see Crayon (disambiguation).Ī crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of pigmented wax used for writing or drawing. Identifying grease crayon as medium for the drawings and cellulose nitrate (CN) for the varnish. For material analysis Py-GC/MS and FTIR were used, This study analyses the factors that may have contributed to the degradation processĪnd describes the research performed preceding treatment, including ethical, aesthetical and artistic perspectives. Informationįrom an artist interview has enriched deliberations in decision-making. With it, with loss of material as a result. (1)). The top drawer case is decorated with several colourful abstract crayonĭrawings, making the chest a unique work of art. The varnish on top of these drawings was peeling off, lifting the crayon
This paper discusses the decision-making process and the conservation treatment of Nigritella Nigra (1993), a chest of drawersĭesigned by Alessandro Mendini (Milan, 1931-2019.
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